[Yoda]

Yoda,

I thought #4 was Turning and Rolling, and that Swivel was the gradual, minimal turning and rolling effected by the orbiting arms.

This is a point that confuses most students of The Golfing Machine, and it is important to get it right.

A Swivel Action is a true rotation of the Hands independent of the Body's natural Turn or Arms' natural rotation. A Horizontal Hinge Action may appear to Turn and Roll but there is no independent rotation.

For example...

Stand erect with your arms hanging normally at your sides. The dial of your wristwatch faces west. Leaving your arms at your sides, turn your body to the right. Note that the dial now faces north. Did you turn your hand? No. Is it in a turned condition? Yes. Why? Because that what happens when the arms and hands maintain their natural relationship to the turning body.

Now extend your left arm in front of your shoulder and parallel to the ground. Point your left forefinger straight ahead in a mock 'shooting a pistol' configuration. Now swing your arm horizontally to the right as if you were going to 'shoot' a target opposite your right shoulder. Lower your hand to waist high. Is it in a turned condition? Yes. Did you turn it? No. This is the natural action produced by the swinging arm.

In both cases, the 'turn' was gradual and not completed until the movement itself was completed. Per 2-G, neither was an actual 'turn' of the hand, nor would its reverse motion be a true 'roll.' The left arm and hand has simply swung like a gate from its hinges and remained vertical (perpendicular) to the ground. The identical motion on an inclined plane appears to turn and roll. In reality, it is merely the Hinge Action, that is, the left wrist staying perpendicular to the horizontal plane. In other words, the wrist turns...but it is not turned (independently of the turning body or swinging arms).

However, the Swivel Action is a true rotation independent of the natural motion of the body and arms. For example, in the above drill, instead of your left wrist remaining vertical (perpendicular) to the ground as it swings first to the right and then back to the left, it would immediately twist palm down to the ground. That is an independent swivel. The same is true on the return move wherein the hand remains palm down until the arm passes the line-of-sight and twists back to its beginning 'perpendicular to the ground' alignment.

It may help to think of an actual hinge: the blade simply moves in a circle around the pin and remains perpendicular to its plane of motion. The movement is a structured, mechanical rotation of the blade about its hinge pin axis. At no time, however, does the blade itself actually twist. Now, with a pair of pliers, you could physically take hold of the blade and twist it, but in so doing, you would bend it -- the blade would no longer be perpendicular to its plane of motion -- and perhaps even tear it from its pin. In either event, the hinge action will have been destroyed.

This is what happens when you twist your left wrist -- to the right or to the left. You have a Swivel Action. In G.O.L.F., it is the Swingers Standard Left Wrist Action (10-18-A) -- Backstroke and Release Swivels -- to effect On Plane Clubhead Control on the Backstroke and to increase the Lag of the #3 Accumulator into Impact. The Finish Swivel is used by both Swingers and Hitters to complete the Stroke after the Follow-Through (Both Arms Straight position). At no time does either Swinger or Hitter use Swivel Action to control the Clubface Alignment during Impact.

That is the realm of the Hinge Action.